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Chapters 1 Through 18
Chapter 1
Introduction to Decision Support Systems
True-False Questions
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1.
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The role of a DSS is to
provide support to the decision-maker during the process of making a
decision.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 3
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2.
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A DSS is used only for
unstructured decisions.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 3
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3.
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The purpose of a DSS is to
replace the decision maker.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 4
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4.
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The DSS should always be
under the ultimate control of the user.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 3
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5.
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A DSS facilitates learning
on the part of the decision maker.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 3
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6.
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The most powerful
classification of DSSs is the Universal
DSS.
Difficulty:
Medium Reference: p. 6
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7.
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A DSS is normally designed
to be wide in its scope of application.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 6
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8.
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A
highly unstructured decision is one where the objectives of the situation are
often conflicting, the alternatives available to the decision maker are
difficult to isolate or determine, and the effect of a particular course of
action or selection of an alternative carries with it a high degree of
uncertainty.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 7
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9.
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The user interface of a DSS
performs activities related to problem recognition and generation of interim
or final solutions.
Difficulty:
Hard Reference: p. 9
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10.
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The data management
component of a DSS is where the activities associated with the retrieval,
storage and organization of the relevant data for the particular decision
context are managed.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 9
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11.
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The data management
component of a DSS is responsible for maintaining the logical independence of
the data.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 12
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12.
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The model library stores and
manages all solver algorithms within a DSS.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 15
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13.
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Model acquisition is the
process by which new information is derived from a combination of existing or
previously derived information.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 16
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14.
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Rules, heuristics and
constraints are stored within a knowledge base of a DSS.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 16
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15.
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A model is a simplification
of some event or process constructed for the purpose of studying the
phenomenon and thus developing a better understanding of it.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 13
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16.
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Internal data normally comes
from an organization’s transaction processing systems as a normal course of
conducting the daily affairs of the organization.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 11
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17.
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Knowledge engineers are
specially trained to interact with domain experts for the purposes of
acquiring all of the knowledge the expert has in a particular domain and all
of the relationships among that knowledge.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 18
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18.
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The model base contains the
various statistical, financial, mathematical, and other quantitative models
used in performing the variety of analytical capabilities in a DSS.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 14
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19.
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Silver proposed a method of
DSS classification based upon the attributes of the problem-solving context.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 25
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20.
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Hypertext
systems are useful for knowledge bases that are document based.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 27
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Multiple Choice
Questions
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21.
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The realization of the benefits to be derived from
using a DSS is dependent upon which of the following?
a. The decision maker
b. The context of the decision
c. The design of the DSS
d. All of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 4
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22.
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Which of the following contributed to the
development of the concept of decision support systems?
a. J.P. Little
b. Gorry
c. Scott Morton
d. All of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 6
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23.
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Limitations of a DSS include which of the following?
a. They cannot be designed to copy human
imagination.
b. The language interface does not yet allow
for natural language processing.
c. They are designed to be narrow in scope.
d. All of the above
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 5
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24.
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Strategic planning refers to which of the following
activities?
a. Where decisions related to the effective
and efficient procurement and deployment of the organizations assets are
made.
b. Where decisions related to the objectives
of the organization are made.
c. Where decisions relating to the day-to-day
tasks and activities of the organization are made.
d. All of the above.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 7
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25.
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Management control refers to which of the following
activities?
a. Where decisions related to the objectives
of the organization are made.
b. Where decisions related to the effective
and efficient procurement and deployment of the organization’s assets are
made.
c. Where decisions relating to the day-to-day task
and activities of the organization are made.
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 7
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26.
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Operational
control is best associated with which of the following activities?
a. Making decisions related to the objectives
of the organization.
b. Making decisions related to the effective
and efficient procurement and deployment of the organizations assets.
c. Making decisions relating to the day-to-day
tasks and activities of the organization.
d. Both b and c.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 7
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27.
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The components
of a DSS can be classified into which of the following?
a. Data management system, data repository,
knowledge engine, model repository, user(s)
b. Data query facility, model management
system, model execution processor, user interface, user(s)
c. Data management system, model management
system, knowledge engine, user interface, user(s)
d. Data management system, model management
system, knowledge engine, internal data, external data
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 9
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28.
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Which of the
following is considered a subsystem within the data management system?
a. Database(s)
b. Database management system
c. The data query facility
d. All of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 12
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29.
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One of the most important characteristics of a model
is that:
a. it is easy to construct.
b. it is commonly found in decision-making
environments.
c. it is a simplified form of reality.
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 13
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30.
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The two primary responsibilities of the MBMS are:
a. execution and integration of the models
available to the DSS and the modeling of user preferences.
b. execution and integration of the data
available to the DSS and the manipulation of the user interface.
c. execution of the user interface and the
modeling of user preferences.
d. acquisition of the knowledge contained
within the DSS and the modeling of user preferences.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 15
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31.
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Which of the following best describes the function
and purpose of the inference engine?
a. It is the subsystem responsible for the
acquisition and construction of knowledge rules.
b. It is a component of a DSS that is
specifically intended to allow the user to access the internal components of
that system in a relatively easy fashion and without having to know
specifically how everything is put together or how it works.
c. It is a program module that activates
domain knowledge and performs inferencing to work toward a solution or
conclusion based upon the values for the facts given and the relationships or
rules associated with them.
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 18
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32.
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The person who may work closely with the decision
maker to assist in interpreting and explaining the DSS output is called the:
a. domain expert.
b. intermediary.
c. domain operator.
d. knowledge generator.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 22
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33.
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Which of the following are the two primary support
orientations for a DSS?
a. Data-centric and model-centric
b. Procedural and non-procedural
c. Programmed and non-programmed
d. Simulated and actual
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 8
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34.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a DSS?
a. It is interactive and user-friendly.
b. It is generally developed using an iterative
process.
c. I supports all phases of the
decision-making process.
d. All of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 3
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35.
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Which of the following is not a benefit of DSS use?
a. It shortens the time associated with making
a decision.
b. The power of the DSS is based upon the
system it is running on.
c. It encourages exploration and discovery on
the part of the decision maker.
d. All of the above are benefits.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 5
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36.
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Gorry and Scott Morton’s framework for decision
support classifies types of decisions as:
a. simplified and complex.
b. structured, semi-structured, and
unstructured.
c. supported, semi-supported, and unsupported.
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 7
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37.
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Which of the following is a function of the
presentation language of a DSS?
a. It allows for detailed report definition.
b. It allows for the creation of forms.
c. It provides for the presentation of data in
multiple formats.
d. All of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 20
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38.
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Which of the
following is not a DSS usage category?
a. Terminal mode
b. Clerk mode
c. Query mode
d. Subscription mode
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 23
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39.
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Which of the following is the DSS classification
proposed by Donovan and Madnick?
a. Structured and unstructured
b. Mechanical and decisional
c. Formal and ad-hoc
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 25
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40.
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Which type of decision
support system keeps track of a large amount of disparate documents?
a. Hypertext system
b. Document encyclopedia
c. Silver junction system
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 27
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Essay Questions
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41.
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Describe
the general functions of the Model Base Management System.
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42.
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What are some of the common characteristics of a
decision support system?
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43.
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List the five components of a DSS
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44.
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Is a “universal DSS” possible? Why or why not?
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45.
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List the
general functions of the DBMS.
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46.
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What are
the benefits of DSS use?
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47.
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What are
the two main responsibilities of the DBMS?
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48.
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How does knowledge get into the DSS? How can it be
retrieved and organized as useful information?
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49.
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Compare and
contrast data-centric versus model-centric systems, formal versus ad-hoc
systems, and directed versus non-directed systems. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of each type?
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50.
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Compare the
benefits and limitations of highly procedural languages and
low/non-procedural languages.
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Chapter 2
Decisions and Decision Makers
True-False Questions
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21.
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The decision maker is
considered both an element and participant in the decision.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 35
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22.
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All decisions in an
organization are ultimately made by a single individual.
Difficulty:
Medium Reference: p. 38
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23.
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A problem is defined as the
perception of a difference between the current state of affairs and a desired
state of affairs.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 36
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24.
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A typical decision is often
made using the exact order suggested by a normative model of decision making and
tends to use all of the steps contained in the model.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 35
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25.
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Two examples of group
decision making are organizational committees and juries.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 39
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26.
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The manner in which a
decision is made is referred to as decision style.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 41
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27.
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Decision style is affected
by the perception of the problem.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 41
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28.
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The
reason there are so many different types of DSSs is that there are many different
types of decisions.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 37
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29.
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Policies and procedures can
affect organizational decision making.
Difficulty:
Easy Reference: p. 48
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30.
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Simon proposed to classify
problems from procedural to non-procedural.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 50
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31.
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Programmed decisions are
more difficult to automate in a DSS than non-programmed decisions.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 51
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32.
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When conflict exists in
either goals or approaches to the decision then Delbecq would classify that
as the need for a creative decision.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 55
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33.
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When a novel approach is
needed to handle the complexity of the problem, then Delbecq would classify
that as the need for a negotiated decision.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 54
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34.
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Mintzberg classifies
adaptive activities as characterized by high risk and motivated by the
proactive and reactive considerations.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 55
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35.
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According to Thompson, his
classification scheme differentiates decisions based upon the type of
activities with which the decision is most associated.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 55
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36.
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The most clear-cut phase in
the decision making process is the design phase.
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 58
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37.
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Simon referred to the process
of search-limiting strategies as inferencing.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 61
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38.
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Symptoms of a problem are
identical to the problem itself.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 63
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39.
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Stereotyping is a common
perceptual block.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 67
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40.
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The
tendency to view alternatives as mutually exclusive events is a bias of
individual
decision
makers.
Difficulty: Medium Reference:
p. 73
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Multiple Choice Questions
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21.
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Which of the following is not part of the
decision-making process?
a. Stimulus
b. Alternative selection
c. Decision maker
d. All of the above are part of the decision
making process.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: pp. 36-37
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22.
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Which of the following is not a category of decision
makers within an organization?
a. Individual decision makers
b. Team decision makers
c. Group decision makers
d. All of the above are categories of decision
makers.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: pp. 38-39
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23.
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Which of the following is not a factor that affects
decision style?
a. Context
b. Inference
c. Values
d. Perception
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 41
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24.
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Which of the following is not a decision style
behavior?
a. Analytical
b. Behavioral
c. Conceptual
d. All of the above are decisions style
behaviors.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 44
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25.
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According to Mintzberg, which of the following is
not a decision typology?
a. Entrepreneurial activities
b. Knowledge activities
c. Adaptive activities
d. Planning activities
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 55
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26.
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According to Delbecq, which of the following is not
a classification scheme for negotiation?
a. Inferred decisions
b. Routine decisions
c. Creative decisions
d. Negotiated decisions
Difficulty: Medium Reference: pp.
54-55
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27.
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According to Thompson, which of the following is not
a type of strategy based decision scheme?
a. Inspirational strategies
b. Judgmental strategies
c. Conversational strategies
d. Compromise strategies
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 55
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28.
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The perception of a problem context is typically
caused by one or more:
a. crisis.
b. stimuli.
c. telephone calls.
d. catastrophes.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 36
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29.
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The term used to describe the manner in which a
manager makes decisions is called:
a. decision methodology.
b. decision model.
c. decision style.
d. cognitive style.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 41
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30.
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In any problem context, before any effective
investigation of alternative solutions can be conducted, the decision maker
must first:
a. establish the available resources.
b. determine the best solution.
c. define the problem.
d. None of the above.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 37
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31.
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A decision in which many people may serve to
influence the final decision but only one decision maker has the authority
and responsibility to make the decision is called a:
a. unilateral decision.
b. bilateral decision.
c. negotiated decision.
d. unanimous decision.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 39
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32.
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Which of the following involves factors relating to
the forces acting on the decision maker in the course of making the decision?
a. Problem space
b. Problem style
c. Problem context
d. Decision style
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 41
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33.
|
Which of the following best
describes the basic characteristics of the directive decision style? A directive decision style is characterized
by:
a.
a
high need for structure in the problem context combined with a relatively low
tolerance for context ambiguity and a tendency to function best in a verbal
setting rather than through written communication or other multichannel
media.
b.
a
relatively greater tolerance for context ambiguity, a tendency toward the
need for greater volumes of information and the consideration of large sets
of alternatives, and a preference for written communication media.
c.
a
long-term thinker with a high tolerance for ambiguity and a tendency to be
much more of a “people person”.
d.
conflict-averse
with a tendency to rely on meetings and consensus for communicating to and
organizing subordinates.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 42
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34.
|
Which of the following best
describes the basic characteristics of the analytical decision style? An analytical decision style is
characterized by:
a.
a
high need for structure in the problem context combined with a relatively low
tolerance for context ambiguity and a tendency to function best in a verbal
setting rather than through written communiqué or other multichannel media.
b.
a
relatively greater tolerance for context ambiguity, a tendency toward the
need for greater volumes of information and the consideration of large sets
of alternatives, and a preference for written communication media.
c.
a
long-term thinker with a high tolerance for ambiguity and a tendency to be
much more of a “people person”.
d.
conflict-averse
with a tendency to rely on meetings and consensus for communicating to and
organizing subordinates.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 42
|
|
35.
|
Which of the following best
describes the basic characteristics of the conceptual decision style? The conceptual decision style is
characterized by:
a.
a
high need for structure in the problem context combined with a relatively low
tolerance for context ambiguity and a tendency to function best in a verbal
setting rather than through written communiqué or other multichannel media.
b.
a
relatively greater tolerance for context ambiguity, a tendency toward the
need for greater volumes of information and the consideration of large sets
of alternatives, and a preference for written communication media.
c.
a
long-term thinker with a high tolerance for ambiguity and a tendency to be
much more of a “people person”.
d.
conflict-averse
with a tendency to rely on meetings and consensus for communicating to and
organizing subordinates.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 43
|
|
36.
|
Which of the following best
describes the basic characteristics of the behavioral decision style? The behavioral decision style is
characterized by:
a.
a
high need for structure in the problem context combined with a relatively low
tolerance for context ambiguity and a tendency to function best in a verbal
setting rather than through written communiqué or other multichannel media.
b.
a
relatively greater tolerance for context ambiguity, a tendency toward the
need for greater volumes of information and the consideration of large sets
of alternatives, and a preference for written communication media.
c.
a
long-term thinker with a high tolerance for ambiguity and a tendency to be
much more of a “people person”.
d.
conflict-averse
with a tendency to rely on meetings and consensus for communicating to and
organizing subordinates.
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 44
|
|
37.
|
Simon classified problems on a continuum that ranged
from:
a. structured to unstructured.
b. parallel to perpendicular.
c. discrete to obtuse.
d. 1 to 10.
Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 50
|
|
38.
|
Which of the following is not included in the Keen
and Scott Morton classification of decision-making perspectives?
a. Process-oriented perspective
b. Knowledge-engineer perspective
c. Political perspective
d. Rational manager perspective
Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 57
|
|
39.
|
Which of the following is not a satisficing
strategy?
a. Simulation
b. “What-if” analysis
c. Markov analysis
d. Linear programming
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 59
|
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40.
|
Which of the following is not
an optimizing strategy?
a. Goal programming
b. Environmental impact analysis
c. Investment models
d. Transportation models
Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 59
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